abstract: Mathematical reasoning, a core aspect of human cognition, is vital across many domains, from educational problem-solving to scientific advancements. As artificial general intelligence (AGI) progresses, integrating large language models (LLMs) with mathematical reasoning tasks is becoming increasingly significant. This survey provides the first comprehensive analysis of mathematical reasoning in the era of VLM large language models (MLLMs). We review over 200 studies published since 2021, and examine the state-of-the-art developments in Math-LLMs, with a focus on VLM settings. We categorize the field into three dimensions: benchmarks, methodologies, and challenges. In particular, we explore VLM mathematical reasoning pipeline, as well as the role of (M)LLMs and the associated methodologies. Finally, we identify five major challenges hindering the realization of AGI in this domain, offering insights into the future direction for enhancing VLM reasoning capabilities. This survey serves as a critical resource for the research community in advancing the capabilities of LLMs to tackle complex VLM reasoning tasks.